The Correlation between NLR and the Degree of Coronary Artery Stenosis in Female Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Objective: To explore the correlation between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the degree of coronary artery stenosis in female patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and its diagnostic value for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 123 female patients with ACS who underwent coronary angiography at Handan Central Hospital from January 2022 to August 2024, including 71 patients in the unstable angina (UA) group and 52 patients in the AMI group. The Gensini score was used to evaluate the results of coronary angiography, and the patients were divided into a low-to-moderate score group (GS < 66) and a high score group (GS ≥ 66). Results: (1) There were statistically significant differences in systolic blood pressure, white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NEUT), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and NLR between the UA group and the AMI group (P < 0.05); (2) WBC, NEUT, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and NLR were positively correlated with the Gensini score (P < 0.05); (3) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that LDL-C, HDL-C, and NLR were independent risk factors for the severity of coronary artery stenosis (P < 0.05); (4) The ROC curve indicated that the cut-off value of NLR for diagnosing AMI in females was 3.731, with a sensitivity of 61.5%, a specificity of 78.9%, and an area under the curve of 0.756 (95% CI: 0.669~0.843). Conclusion: NLR is positively correlated with the degree of coronary artery stenosis in female ACS patients and is an independent risk factor for the severity of coronary artery stenosis. It may be an indicator to distinguish between UA and AMI in females.
Female Acute Coronary Syndrome
心血管疾病是女性死亡的首要原因,占全球女性每年死亡人数的35%
选取2022年1月至2024年8月期间在邯郸市中心医行冠脉造影的123例女性患者。纳入标准:根据临床表现、心电图、心肌损伤生化标志物升高和超声心动图诊断为不稳定心绞痛和急性心肌梗死。排除标准:① 稳定性心绞痛、感染性疾病、既往有冠脉支架植入病史、严重肝肾功能损伤、血液系统疾病、恶性肿瘤、结缔组织疾病和风湿及免疫系统疾病的患者被排除在外。② 临床资料收集不全者。
收集患者年龄、高血压史、糖尿病史、高血脂病史及吸烟史,收集患者实验室指标,如白细胞(WBC)、中性粒细胞(NEUT)、血小板(PLT)、淋巴细胞(LYM)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC),并计算出NLR (NEUT/LYM)。
由两位以上经验丰富的心血管介入医生经动脉(途径桡动脉或股动脉)为患者进行多体位、多角度冠脉造影,观察并分析冠状动脉病变情况,记录罪犯血管的狭窄、闭塞、位置等情况。采用Gensini评分方法对冠状动脉狭窄程度进行定量评估。病变部位权重:左主干 × 5;左前降支、回旋支近端 × 2.5;左前降支中段 × 1.5;右冠状动脉、左前降支远段、左回旋支远段、后降支、第一对角支 × 1。狭窄程度权重:0%~25%狭窄 × 1;26%~50%狭窄 × 2;51%~75%狭窄 × 4;76%~90%狭窄 × 8;91%~99%狭窄 × 16;完全闭塞(100%) × 32。
在研究中,我们采用了SPSS 27统计学软件进行数据分析,计数资料采用(n, %)表示,组间比较用卡方检验;计量资料首先正态性检验,选择K-S检验方法,符合正态分布的数据用 描述,用独立样本T检验进行分析;不符合正态分布数据用P50 (P25, P75)表示,组间比较采用非参数检验。进一步采用多因素logistic回归分析分别筛选出Gensini高分组(≥66)的独立预测因子,运用ROC曲线分别评估NLR对于女性AMI的预测价值,P < 0.05提示差异有统计学意义。
本研究收集女性ACS患者共123例,诊断为UA患者71例,AMI患者52例。UA组与AMI组在收缩压、WBC、NEUT、LDL-C、HDL-C、NLR的比较差异存在统计学意义(P < 0.05)。余指标差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。见
项目 |
UA (n = 71) |
AM (n = 52) |
P |
年龄 |
65 (52, 72) |
60.5 (50.25, 68.75) |
0.802 |
吸烟史 |
8 (11.3%) |
5 (9.6%) |
0.768 |
高血压 |
55 (77.5%) |
33 (63.5%) |
0.089 |
糖尿病 |
23 (32.4%) |
19 (36.5%) |
0.632 |
高脂血症 |
37 (52.15) |
30 (57.7%) |
0.539 |
心率 |
75.20 ± 10.75 |
77.46 ± 10.32 |
0.243 |
收缩压 |
138.80 ± 17.87 |
131.38 ± 22.99 |
0.046 |
舒张压 |
83.13 ± 11.14 |
81.08 ± 12.90 |
0.348 |
WBC |
6.66 (5.21, 7.41) |
8.05 (6.57, 10.25) |
<0.001 |
NEUT |
4.03 (3.25, 5.04) |
5.94 (4.67, 8.64) |
<0.001 |
LYM |
1.63 (1.33, 2.00) |
1.47 (0.99, 1.93) |
0.117 |
PLT |
231 ± 62 |
239 ± 65 |
0.469 |
LDL-C |
2.28 (1.69, 3.01) |
2.70 (2.16, 3.33) |
0.014 |
HDL-C |
1.10 ± 0.20 |
0.98 ± 0.22 |
0.003 |
TG |
1.59 (1.09, 2.19) |
1.68 (1.33, 2.44) |
0.283 |
TC |
4.59 ± 1.08 |
4.94 ± 0.94 |
0.061 |
续表
NLR |
2.42 (1.68, 3.54) |
4.31 (2.72, 8.38) |
<0.001 |
Gensini |
40 (32, 60) |
61 (40, 81) |
<0.001 |
WBC、NEUT、LDL-C、HDL-C、TG、TC、NLR均与Gensini评分呈正相关(P < 0.05),LYM与Gensini评分呈负相关(P < 0.05)。见
指标 |
与Genisini评分相关性 |
|
Spearmen Correlation (R) |
P |
|
WBC |
0.343 |
<0.001 |
NEUT |
0.449 |
<0.001 |
LYM |
−0.366 |
<0.001 |
PLT |
−0.083 |
0.359 |
LDL-C |
0.374 |
<0.001 |
HDL-C |
−0.413 |
<0.001 |
TG |
0.440 |
<0.001 |
TC |
0.231 |
0.010 |
NLR |
0.542 |
<0.001 |
Gensini评分中低分组与高分组WBC、NEUT、LYM、LDL-C、HDL-C、TG、NLR比较差异存在统计学意义(P < 0.05),其余指标差异无统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见
变量 |
中低分组(GS < 66) n = 81 |
高分组(GS ≥ 66) n = 33 |
P |
WBC |
6.67 (5.91, 7.63) |
8.21 (6.67, 9.87) |
0.001 |
NEUT |
4.41 (3.44, 5.49) |
5.92 (4.63, 7.71) |
<0.001 |
LYM |
1.79 (1.39, 2.15) |
1.36 (0.89, 1.58) |
<0.001 |
PLT |
235 ± 66 |
234 ± 60 |
0.926 |
LDL-C |
2.28 (1.76, 3.00) |
2.92 (2.34, 3.53) |
<0.001 |
HDL-C |
1.10 ± 0.19 |
0.95 ± 0.22 |
<0.001 |
TG |
1.52 (1.11, 1.98) |
2.17 (1.45, 2.75) |
<0.001 |
TC |
4.68 ± 1.09 |
4.85 ± 0.92 |
0.390 |
NLR |
2.47 (1.66, 3.56) |
4.97 (3.01, 9.16) |
<0.001 |
单因素logistic回归分析中存在显著差异的实验参数,排除共线性后,进行多因素logistic回归分析,显示LDL-C、HDL-C、NLR是冠脉狭窄严重程度的独立危险因素(P < 0.05)。见
因素 |
B |
P |
OR |
95%CI |
LDL-C |
0.886 |
0.010 |
2.426 |
(1.241, 4.743) |
HDL-C |
−3.132 |
0.011 |
0.044 |
(0.004, 0.048) |
TG |
0.648 |
0.067 |
1.913 |
(0.957, 3.823) |
NLR |
−2.869 |
<0.001 |
1.547 |
(1.241, 1.927) |
以AMI为因变量,NHR为自变量绘制ROC曲线,显示NLR诊断女性AMI截断值3.731,灵敏度61.5%,特异度78.9%,曲线下面积0.756 (95% CI: 0.669~0.843)。见
项目 |
截断值 |
灵敏度 (%) |
特异度 (%) |
AUCROC |
95%CI |
|
上限 |
上限 |
|||||
NLR |
3.731 |
61.5 |
0.789 |
0.756 |
0.669 |
0.843 |
ACS主要原因是冠状动脉内不稳定的粥样斑块发生破裂或糜烂,进而导致血栓形成,造成心肌的急性缺血或坏死。动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性炎症性血管病变,主要特征是动脉内膜下脂质沉积和纤维增生,形成粥样斑块,导致动脉管腔的狭窄或闭塞。动脉粥样硬化的发病机制复杂,目前炎症学说受到广泛关注。
NLR是一种新兴的综合性细胞炎症指标,其稳定性比单一的炎症细胞更高,可以更好反映机体炎症状态。中性粒细胞作为白细胞重要组成成分,在动脉粥样硬化过程中起着重要作用。Mihaela G Lonita
本研究结果显示,女性AMI患者中NLR值和Gensini评分较女性UA患者高,且差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。与熊等人
Gensini评分是评估冠状动脉疾病严重程度的有效工具。不同严重程度的冠状动脉分支具有不同的权重系数,从而更客观地反映疾病的严重程度
综上所述,鉴于女性ACS患者具有临床症状不典型的特点,NLR作为一种简单易得的指标,与Gensini评分呈正相关,可以为判断女性ACS患者冠脉狭窄严重程度提供有效依据,并且可能是区分女性UA和AMI的指标。
本研究为一项单一中心回顾性研究,样本量小,缺乏对女性患者NLR值的长期随访数据。此外,回顾性研究无法控制混杂因素,容易产生选择偏移、信息偏移等。在今后研究中应该进一步采用前瞻性队列研究设计,并收集更详细的患者信息,包括:年龄、吸烟史、糖尿病史、高血压史、用药情况、家族史、生活方式等,以便对混杂因素进行调整。