Figure 1. (a) Precipitation distribution in Yangzhou from 12:00 on July 6th to 20:00 on July 7th (unit : mm); (b) Hourly evolution of precipitation at representative observation stations (unit: mm)--图1. (a) 7月6日12时~7月7日20时扬州降水量分布(单位:mm);(b) 代表性测站降水量的逐小时演变--3. 环流背景分析Figure 2. (a) Evolution of 500 hPa system configuration from July 6th to July 7th; (b) Evolution of 850 hPa system configuration from July 6th to July 7th and relative humidity at 20:00 on July 6th (shaded, unit: % rh) and (c) Sea level pressure field at 20:00 on July 6th (contour lines, unit: hPa)--图2. 7月6日~7月7日(a) 500 hPa系统配置演变;(b) 850 hPa系统配置演变及7月6日20时相对湿度(阴影,单位:%rh)和(c) 7月6日20时海平面气压场(等值线,单位:hPa)--
Figure 3. (a) Water vapor flux (shaded, unit: g·(cm·hPa·s)−1) and wind field (arrow, unit: m/s) and (b) specific humidity (unit: g/kg) along the 119˚E, 32˚N vertical profile from 08:00 on July 5th to 08:00 on July 8th, the time series is in Universal Time--图3. 7月5日08时~8日08时沿119˚E,32˚N垂直剖面的(a) 水汽通量(阴影,单位:g·(cm·hPa·s)−1)及风场(箭头,单位:m/s)和(b) 比湿(单位:g/kg),时间序列为世界时--Figure 4. Divergence of water vapor flux at (a) 400 hPa, (b) 500 hPa, and (c) 850 hPa on July 6th at 20:00 (unit: ×10−6g·s−1·cm−2·hPa−1)--图4. 7月6日20时(a) 400 hPa,(b) 500 hPa和(c) 850 hPa水汽通量散度(单位:×10−6g·s−1·cm−2·hPa−1)--4.2. 大尺度上升运动
Figure 5. (a) Vertical velocity (unit: hPa/s) and (b) Vorticity (unit: 10−5·s−1) along the 119˚E, 32˚N vertical profile from 08:00 on July 5th to 08:00 on July 8th, the time series is in Universal Time--图5. 7月5日08时~8日08时沿119˚E,32˚N垂直剖面的(a) 垂直速度(单位:hPa/s)和(b) 涡度(单位:10−5·s−1),时间序列为世界时--4.3. 热力不稳定
Figure 6. 850 hPa false equivalent temperature at (a) 14:00 on July 6th; (b) 20:00 on July 6th; and (c) 20:00 on July 7th (unit: K)--图6. (a) 7月6日14时;(b) 7月6日20时和(c) 7月7日20时850 hPa假相当位温(单位:K)--
<xref></xref>Table 1. Physical parameters and characteristic heights of Fuyang Station at 08:00 and Nanjing Station at 20:00 on July 6<sup>th</sup>Table 1. Physical parameters and characteristic heights of Fuyang Station at 08:00 and Nanjing Station at 20:00 on July 6th 表1. 7月6日08时阜阳站和20时南京站物理量参数和特征高度
时间
CAPE/(J/kg)
CIN/(J/kg)
θse850/℃
T850-500/℃
K/℃
SI/℃
Q700/(g/kg)
Q850/(g/kg)
Z0/m
08时
196.8
219.8
82.43
23.6
39.8
−1.9
13.87
15.55
5468
20时
1055.6
77.2
85.54
22.6
41.8
−0.56
12.57
16.45
5745.4
Figure 7. T-logP chart on July 6th at (a) 08:00 Fuyang station and (b) at 20:00 Nanjing station--图7. 7月6日(a) 08时阜阳站和(b) 20时南京站探空图--4.4. “列车效应”触发机制
Figure 8. Evolution of 10 m wind field convergence line from (a) 14:00 to 17:00 on the 6th; (b) 22:00 on the 6th to 02:00 the next day; (c) 4:00 to 08:00 on the 7th--图8. (a) 6日14~17时;(b) 6日22时~次日02时;(c) 7日04~08时10 m风场辐合线演变情况--Figure 9. Combination reflectivity factor of S-band radar at Nanjing station (Unit: dBz). (a) July 6th 15:14; (b) July 6th 23:06; (c) July 7th 05:38--图9. 南京站S波段雷达(a) 6日15:14;(b) 6日23:06;(c) 7日05:38组合反射率因子(单位:dBz)--5. 模式预报误差5.1. 模式检验评估Figure 10. Comparison of 24-hour precipitation between multi-mode and actuality from 20:00 on July 6th to 20:00 on July 7th. The modes all start reporting from 20:00 on July 5th--图10. 7月5日20时起报7月6日20时~7月7日20时24小时降水量多模式与实况对比--Figure 11. Comparison of 24-hour precipitation between multi-mode and actuality from 20:00 on July 6th to 20:00 on July 7th. The modes all start reporting from 08:00 on July 6th--图11. 7月6日08时起报7月6日20时~7月7日20时24小时降水量多模式与实况对比--
Figure 12. The wind profile(unit: m/s), temperature (red contour line, unit: ˚C), specific humidity (color spot, unit: g/kg), and vertical velocity (black contour line, unit: Pa/s) along the 119˚E, 32˚N vertical profile from 08:00 on July 6th to 00:00 on July 10th, which reported in EC mode starting from 08:00 on July 6th--图12. EC模式7月6日08时起报的7月6日08时~10日00时沿119˚E,32˚N垂直剖面的风廓线(单位:m/s)、温度(红色等值线,单位:℃)、比湿(色斑,单位:g/kg)和垂直速度(黑色等值线,单位:Pa/s)--
Figure 13. The total amount of atmospheric water reported every 6 hours in EC mode starting from 08:00 on July 6th (unit: kg/m2)--图13. EC模式7月6日08时起报逐6小时大气水总量(单位:kg/m2)--6. 结论