aac Advances in Analytical Chemistry 2163-1557 2163-1565 beplay体育官网网页版等您来挑战! 10.12677/aac.2025.151011 aac-108301 Articles 化学与材料 不同黑种草子挥发油中百里醌的含量
Content of Thymoquinone in Volatile Oil from Black Seed (Nigella) of Different Habitats
乌云毕力格 1 浩斯劳 1 呼格吉勒 1 特木其乐 2 胡日查 3 鄂尔多斯市伊金霍洛旗蒙医综合医院脑病科、制剂中心,内蒙古 鄂尔多斯 内蒙古国际蒙医医院五疗脑病科,内蒙古 呼和浩特 内蒙古大学化学与化工学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 10 02 2025 15 01 101 107 26 1 :2025 18 1 :2025 18 2 :2025 Copyright © 2024 beplay安卓登录 All rights reserved. 2024 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 目的:测定不同产地黑种草子挥发油中百里醌的含量。方法:将5种不同产地的黑种草子用两种不同化学提取方法提取挥发油,建立定量核磁共振波谱法测定挥发油中的百里醌。使用500 MHZ Bruker Avance III (TMS, δ = 0 ppm)核磁共振谱仪,以氖代氯仿为溶剂,在测定温度25℃、延迟时间2 s和扫描次数64的条件下扫描,通过化学移位及峰面积归一化法测定各黑种草子挥发油中百里醌相对百分比含量。结果:以化学位移在δ = 6.5 ppm与δ = 6.6 ppm处的百里醌的氢质子峰作为定量峰,其峰面积比与其质量比的线性回归方程为Y = 0.493x − 0.0005,相关系数为0.999。5种不同产地黑种草子挥发油中百里醌在方法1中测得USA1 (0.065%)、USA2 (0.093%)、USA3 (0.043%)、Tibe (0.043%)、Guangxi (0.062%)。在方法2中测得USA1 (0.263%)、USA2 (0.153%)、USA3 (0.037%)、Tibet (0.200%)、Guangxi (0.224%)。结论:分析结果表明,因产地及提取方法差异,黑种草子挥发油中百里醌含量测定是有差异的。文章通过测定不同产地黑种草子挥发油中的百里醌含量,为进一步研究开发黑种草子的药用价值奠定基础。
Objective: To determine the content of quinone in volatile oil from black seed (Nigella) of different habitats. Methods: The essential oils were extracted from the seeds of black grass from five different habitats by two different chemical extraction methods, and the thymoquinone in the essential oils was determined by quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A 500 MHz Bruker Avance III (TMS, δ = 0 ppm) nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer was used, with deuterochloroform as the solvent, at a measurement temperature of 25˚C, a delay time of 2 seconds, and 64 scans, to determine the relative percentage content of thymoquinone in the volatile oils of black grass seeds by chemical shift and peak area normalization. Results: Using the hydrogen proton peak of thymoquinone with a chemical shift at δ = 6.5 ppm and δ = 6.6 ppm as the quantitative peak, the peak area ratio of thymoquinone and its mass ratio were linear regression equation Y = 0.493x − 0.0005, the correlation coefficient was 0.999, and thymoquinone in volatile oils of black grass from five different habitats was determined as USA1 (0.065%), USA2 (0.093%), USA3 (0.043%), Tibet (0.043%), Guangxi (0.062%) in method 1. In method 2, USA1 (0.263%), USA2 (0.153%), USA3 (0.037%), Tibet (0.200%), and Guangxi (0.224%) were measured. Conclusion: The results showed that there were differences in the determination of thymoquinone content in the essential oil of Herba Nigella due to the differences in origin and extraction methods. In this paper, the content of thymoquinone in the essential oil of black seed grass from different habitats was determined to lay a foundation for further research and development of the medicinal value of black seed grass.
黑种草子,挥发油,定量核磁共振,百里醌
Nigella
Volatile Oil Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (qNMR) Thymoquinone
1. 引言

毛茛科黑种草属(Nigella)植物约有18种,其中常见的有3种,黑种草(Nigella damascena)、果黑种草(又名家黑种草,Nigella sativa)主要分布于南欧、西南亚、北非等地区,腺毛黑种草(又名瘤果黑种草,Nigella glandulifera)是中国新疆特产,在云南傣族和内蒙古等地区也有应用 [1] 。蒙医常用腺毛黑种草的干燥成熟种子 [2] 。黑种草子蒙古名叫“哈日–孜拉”,别名为塞拉纳赫布 [3] ;该药味甘、辛、性温、效轻、糙、燥。它可以在食物中当作香料使用,同时也被作为药物在许多国家使用,主要用于哮喘、咳嗽、支气管炎、头痛、风湿、糖尿病、高血压等疾病的治疗 [4] [5] 。并且它在蒙医临床上应用也是很广泛的。例如黑种草子在蒙医上用于哈日不日七味散、照山白八味散、黑种草子五味散及额日敦乌日乐等许多蒙药制剂中。黑种草子中的活性物质百里醌(Thymoquinone, TQ),被报道具有抗氧化、抗炎性反应和抗肿瘤作用,可用于多种疾病的治疗。百里醌化学名称为2-异丙基-5-甲基-1,4-苯并醌,分子式为C10H12O2 [6]

核磁共振是一种物理现象,是电磁波与原子核自旋在强磁场条件下发生的。核磁共振波谱不仅可以用来对各种有机物和无机物的结构、成分进行定性分析,而且还可以定量研究。近几年来,定量核磁共振波谱(Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, qNMR)方法已被广泛用于化学药物 [7] - [11] 、中药与植物提取物 [12] - [17] 、体液样品 [18] [19] 、异构体 [20] 、食品 [21] [22] 等的定量分析。

本研究在对5种不同产地黑种草子样品进行有效提取的基础上,建立qNMR定量测定黑种草子挥发油中的百里醌含量,为进一步研究开发黑种草子药用价值奠定基础。

2. 材料

黑种草子分别购自美国、广西、西藏等地区;磁力搅拌加热器(德国IKA 09002377);旋转蒸发仪(瑞士步琪型号BUCHI-R-210);电子天平(美国Ohaus);高分辨核磁共振波谱仪(Bruker Avance III 500M);蛇形冷凝管1个;索氏提取器1个;100 mL圆底烧瓶1个;干燥器1个;石油醚(天津市风船化学试剂科技有限公司);氘代氯仿(产品编号A111001);百里醌标准样品。

3. 方法与结果 3.1. 提取挥发油的方法

1) 将五种不同产地的黑种草子粉末等量m= 0.2 g各取6组,每组分别用石油醚(10 mL)溶剂浸泡16 h,在旋转仪旋转17 h,离心机上以转速8000 rpm/min,离心15 min。提取3 mL清液,氮气吹干。

2) 将五种不同产地的黑种草子粉末各称取m= 0.5 g放入提取筒中,将100 ml圆底烧瓶放入油锅中,取石油醚(50 mL)倒入圆底烧瓶内,装好索氏提取装置,将温度调至在80℃,恒温回馏8 h,过滤、旋转蒸馏、氮气吹干、称重。

3.2. 核磁(NMR)测定挥发油中百里醌含量

测定温度(探头温度):室温25℃,脉冲延迟时间:dl = 2 s;扫描次数:ns = 64。称取3 mg百里醌标准样品溶于0.6 ml氘代氯仿中,再转入核磁管内,用500 MHZ Bruker Avance III (TMS, δ = 0 ppm)按上述条件调整仪器参数,核磁共振谱仪测得标准样品百里醌的氢谱标准峰如 图1 所示,在δ = 6.6 ppm处是1位置氢的特征峰,δ = 6.5 ppm处是1'位置氢的特征峰,δ = 3.0 ppm处是2位置氢的特征峰,δ = 2.0 ppm处是3位置氢的特征峰,δ = 1.0 ppm处是3'位置氢的特征峰。

Figure 1. 1H-NMR spectrum of the standard substance thymoquinone--图1. 标准物百里醌的1H-NMR谱图--

将百里醌标准样品调配成0.0625 mg/ml、0.125 mg/ml、0.25 mg/ml、0.5 mg/ml四种不同浓度,在NMR上以上述条件检测峰面积制作标准曲线,见 图2 (横坐标是浓度,纵坐标是峰面积)。其峰面积比与其质量比的线性回归方程为Y = 0.493x − 0.0005,相关系数为0.999。

Figure 2. TQ standard curve--图2. 百里醌(TQ)的标准曲线--

将5种黑种子在用两种不同方法所提取的挥发油中各提取20 µl溶于0.6 ml氘代氯仿中,再转入核磁管中,用500 MHZ Bruker Avance III (TMS, δ= 0 ppm)按上述条件调整仪器参数测量以上样品的氢谱。其中,图谱的横坐标表示化学位移(单位:ppm),代表谱峰位置,纵坐标表示吸收峰的强度,而在测试结果谱图中一般情况下不画纵坐标,只有横坐标( 图3 图4 )。

按上述的实验条件和方法,测定五种不同产地黑种草子提取的挥发油中百里醌的峰面积,根据峰面积归一化法测定五种样品中百里醌相对含量百分比,结果见 表1

<xref></xref>Table 1. Determination results of thymoquinone content (%)Table 1. Determination results of thymoquinone content (%) 表1. 百里醌含量测定结果(%)

样品

方法1

方法2

USA1

0.065

0.263

USA2

0.093

0.153

USA3

0.043

0.037

Tibet

0.043

0.200

Guangxi

0.062

0.224

4. 讨论

试验结果表明不同地区生长的黑种草子提取的挥发油中百里醌含量是有差距的。耿东升等 [23] 从瘤果黑种草的种子中采用水蒸气蒸馏法与SFE-CO2萃取提取挥发油;郝海峰 [24] 等将6700 g瘤果黑种草的干燥种子粉碎后,以石油醚(30℃~60℃)连续回流提取至无油脂,回收溶剂,得种子油3646 g。因提取方法的不同导致挥发油中百里醌含量不同。核磁共振波谱法测百里醌含量线性关系、精密度和稳定性良好,具有快速、简便、不破坏样品的特点,最大优点是在难以得到被测样品的基准物质或对照品时,可以选用其他化合物对照品的特征峰进行定量测定。

Figure 3. Method 1 extract the 1H-NMR spectrum of TQ in the volatile oil, (a)~(f) are USA1, USA2, USA3, Tibet, Guangxi, respectively (solvent: CDCL3)--图3. 方法1提取挥发油中TQ的1H-NMR谱图,(a)~(f)分别为USA1、USA2、USA3、Tibet、Guangxi (solvent: CDCL3)-- Figure 4. Method 2 extract the 1H-NMR spectrum of TQ in the volatile oil, (a)~(f) are USA1, USA2, USA3, Tibet, Guangxi, respectively (solvent: CDCL3)--图4. 方法2提取挥发油中TQ的1H-NMR谱图,(a)~(f)分别为USA1、USA2、USA3、Tibet、Guangxi (solvent: CDCL3)--

黑种草子具有抗炎、抗氧化、免疫调节等作用,因而具有止咳平喘、抗肿瘤、保肝、降脂等多方面的药理功效,并可通过其中富含的挥发油、皂苷、黄酮、生物碱等多种生物活性物质发挥功效。近年来发现从黑种草子油中分离出来的主要有效单体百里醌具有抗氧化、抗炎性反应和抗肿瘤作用,可用于多种疾病的治疗。随着今后对黑种草子传统用途及其药效物质基础的进一步深入探索,将为黑种草子的传统临床应用进行科学阐释,为今后黑种草子的深入开发利用提供科学依据。

NOTES

*通讯作者。

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