在心理治疗中,积极心理学关注个体的积极主观体验和积极人格特质,而书写这种形式已在积极心理学的治疗技术中有所体现,如写感谢信或原谅信等形式。同时也可以结合不同的咨询目标以及咨询所处的不同阶段,进行特定主题的表达性写作。如在寻找资源方面,可以在咨询开始时邀请来访写下对自己的积极品质和优势,以及在咨询过程中回顾自己曾经非常明智的经历,从中看到自己的优势与智慧(
Glück et al., 2005
);咨询结束阶段,也可邀请来访者进行探索积极意义、最好的未来自己等主题的表达性写作。此外,若来访者的主诉与咨询目标主要集中在关系领域,可通过进行原谅信、感恩信等方式进行关系方面的疗愈。研究表明,即使信件并未给对方看,写作仍具有疗愈效果(
Glück et al., 2005
;
Jans-Beken, 2020
),可以提高幸福感,增加积极情绪(
Relojo & dela Rosa 2017
)。
4. 展望
表达性写作是一种有效的心理干预方式,多项研究表明,表达性写作有益于心理健康(
Pennebaker, 2017
),可以提升积极情绪,增强心理弹性(
Brémault-Phillips et al., 2020
),帮助创伤后成长;同时,表达性写作也非常灵活,这使得它可以结合不同心理治疗理论而发挥作用,除了上述与常见的心理咨询理论相结合,也有研究探究以灵性为导向的表达性写作干预的有效性(
Mosher et al., 2021
;
Chen & Contrada, 2009
);以及结合不同可能的心理治疗起作用的因素进行研究,如自我同情、自尊(
Barbeau et al., 2022
)等。
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