Preliminary Studies on the Bioprophylactic and Growth-Promoting Effects of an Endophytic Fungus of Lycium barbarum
Objective: To screen out the endophytic fungi of Lycium barbarum that have a bioprophylactic effect on root rot of Lycium barbarum, and to provide a theoretical basis for the control of root rot of Lycium barbarum. Methods: In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from 3-year-old healthy Lycium barbarum plants by tissue isolation method; Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum, the main causal organisms of Lycium barbarum root rot, were used as test organisms, and the antagonistic strains of the causal organisms were screened by the plate standoff method, and antagonistic strains were detected by morphological and molecular biological methods. The antagonist strains were identified by morphological and molecular biological methods. Results: Among the 64 endophytic fungi isolated from Lycium plants, strain L1-2 was found to have an inhibitory effect on Fusarium root rot of Lycium, with an inhibition rate of 46.38% against Fusarium verticillioides, and that of Fusarium acuminatum was 45.13%. The strain L1-2 was identified as Phoma medicaginins. The number of leaves, root length, stem length, longest leaf length, dry weight and fresh weight of Lycium barbarum seedlings increased to different degrees after treatment with the fermentation broth of Phoma medicaginins. Conclusion: Phoma medicaginins have a good antagonistic effect on Fusarium rotundum and Fusarium spinosum, and its fermentation broth can also promote the growth of Lycium barbarum plants. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the effective use of microbial resources to prevent and control root rot of Lycium barbarum.
Lycium barbarum
枸杞(Lycium barbarum)是我国北方主要经济林树种之一,是茄科(Solanaceae)枸杞属(Lycium)植物,在我国华北北部、西北各地都有分布
植物内生真菌不但能够促进宿主植物的生长发育,而且能够增强其抗性,并与致病菌竞争养分和空间或产生某些抗菌素、水解酶等,从而影响其生长,使其死亡
(1) 马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA):土豆200 g,无水葡萄糖20 g,琼脂18 g,蒸馏水1000 mL。
(2) 马铃薯葡萄糖培养基(PDB):土豆200 g,无水葡萄糖20 g,蒸馏水1000 mL。
采用平板对峙法,在PDA平板的两侧分别放置直径为5 mm的供试致病菌菌饼和枸杞内生真菌菌饼,两个菌饼相距5 cm。以不接内生真菌作为空白对照的情况下,在28℃恒温箱培养5~7 d后。测量病原菌的径向增长直径,并对其抑制速率进行了计算,根据结果筛选出具有较好的抗菌活性的菌株。
1) 发酵液的制备
将活化的内生真菌接种在PDA培养基上,在25℃培养箱中培养,待其产生孢子。加入无菌水,最终制成最终的浓度为1 × 108 mL–1的孢子悬浮液。在150 mL PDB培养基中加入1 mL的孢子悬浮液,置于28℃,160 r/min的摇床中培养7 d后,取出培养物,纱布过滤菌丝体,得到发酵液。
2) 发酵液对组培苗的促生作用
试验共分离出64株内生真菌,通过对峙培养,筛选出对腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)和尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)具有最明显拮抗作用的菌株L1-2,且有明显的抑菌带(
PDA平板对峙结果显示,菌株L1-2对腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)和尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)均有明显的拮抗作用,抑制率分别为46.38%和45.13% (
供试病原菌 |
尖孢镰刀菌 |
腐皮镰刀菌 |
对照组菌落直径(mm) |
53.45 ± 0.4961 |
53.28 ± 0.9112 |
处理组菌落直径(mm) |
28.65 ± 0.5750 |
29.17 ± 0.7390 |
抑菌率(%) |
45.13 |
46.38 |
采用形态学和分子生物学相结合的方法鉴定,通过形态学观察(
分子生物学鉴定(
叶片数(个) |
根长(mm) |
茎长(mm) |
最长叶长(mm) |
干重(mg) |
鲜重(mg) |
|
CK |
1.60 ± 0.4000 |
1.24 ± 0.1610 |
14.32 ± 1.3012 |
27.14 ± 1.1390 |
70.80 ± 1.1350 |
595.40 ± 0.0781 |
处理 |
6.80 ± 0.5831 |
4.63 ± 0.3931 |
27.05 ± 4.1031 |
37.83 ± 3.8191 |
73.81 ± 1.2661 |
774.61 ± 0.1874 |
由
枸杞根腐病是一种危害较大的维管束系统病害,一旦发生,整个植株就会枯萎,造成很大的破坏。近年来,随着我国枸杞生产规模的扩大,该病害的危害日趋严重,而化学防治带来的种种问题也日益加重。未来,以生物防治取代化学防治将成为今后农业生产的主要手段,而生防内生菌是其技术的核心和关键
本研究从3年生健康枸杞植株中共分离得到64株内生真菌,其数量分布根 > 叶 > 茎,这与杜晓宁
本实验分离得到的枸杞内生真菌苜蓿茎点霉(Phoma medicaginis)对枸杞根腐病菌具有良好的拮抗效果,对枸杞植株具有促生作用,为枸杞生产及根腐病的绿色防控提供优质资源。目前,关于枸杞内生真菌的研究还相对较少,其作为生防菌株防治病害的作用机理尚不明确,因此,后期有必要对内生拮抗菌株的抗菌作用方式以及田间试验进行更加深入的研究。
*通讯作者。