Algorithm

x₁

x₂

x₃

x₄

x₅

$f\left(x\right)$

GOA

6.3223

5.1836

4.3773

3.5155

2.1176

1.3426

SCA

6.5976

5.7487

4.643

3.0381

2.0192

1.3757

WOA

5.0785

6.2373

4.9722

3.4064

2.7117

1.3981

SCWOA

5.9797

5.2931

4.516

3.5212

2.1652

1.3401